Cancer-associated carbohydrates Cancer-associated carbohydrates| Altered glycosylation in cancer | Glycan structure in KEGG | Changes seen in carcinoma cells | Biosynthetic basis of structrual change | Function in tumor | Cancer types | Tumor markers |
| N-glycans | ||||||
| beta1,6 branching of N-linked glycans | Increase | Increased MGAT5 expression and activity | Correlated with grade, invasion, and metastasis | Colon cancer [DS:H00020] Non-small cell lung [DS:H00014] Bladder cancers [DS:H00022] Brain tumors |
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| biosecting GlcNAc | G13066 | Increase | MGAT3 expression | Affect tumor progession and metastasis | Liver cancer [DS:H00048] | |
| core fucosylation | G13067 | Increase | FUT8 expression | Related to some clinicopathological parameters such as tumor size, lymph node metastasis, advanced stage and the presence of poorly differentiated lesions | Liver cancer [DS:H00048] | |
| O-glycans | ||||||
| Tn | G00023 | Overexpression | ppGalNAc-Ts ( POC1B-GALNT4 GALNT6 GALNT5 GALNT13 GALNT15 GALNTL5 GALNT1 GALNT2 GALNT3 GALNT8 GALNT18 GALNTL6 GALNT9 GALNT7 GALNT10 GALNT16 GALNT11 GALNACT17 GALNT14 GALNT12 GALNT4 ) expression | Adhesive-ness survival | 〜90% of epithelial cancers Breast cancer [DS:H00031] Colon cancer [DS:H00020] Lung cancer [DS:H00013 H00014] Bladder cancer [DS:H00022] Cervical cancer [DS:H00030] Ovarian [DS:H00027] Stomach cancer [DS:H00018] Prostate cancer [DS:H00024] |
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| SialylTn (STn) | G00035 | Higly expressed (rarely observed in normal tissues) | Expression / activity of ST6GALNAC1 | Adhesive-ness survival | 〜90% of epithelial cancers Breast cancer [DS:H00031] Colon cancer [DS:H00020] Lung cancer [DS:H00013 H00014] Bladder cancer [DS:H00022] Cervical cancer [DS:H00030] Ovarian [DS:H00027] Stomach cancer [DS:H00018] Prostate cancer [DS:H00024] |
CA54/61(CA546), TAG72 (CA72-4) |
| Thomsen-Friedenreich(T, TF) | G00024 | Overexpression | Expression / activity of C1GALT1 and C1GALT1C1 | Mestastatic spread | Breast [DS:H00031] Colon cancer [DS:H00020] Bladder cancer [DS:H00022] Prostate cancer [DS:H00024] Liver cancer [DS:H00048] Stomach cancer [DS:H00018] |
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| Lewis antigens | ||||||
| Lewis Y/CD174 | G00256 | Overexpression | Increased FUT3, FUT4, FUT5, FUT6, FUT9 and FUT1, FUT2 expression | Upregulated by apoptosis Role in cell migration required forantiogenesis Role in adhesion |
Ovarian cancer [DS:H00027] Breast cancer [DS:H00031] Prostate cancer [DS:H00024] Colon cancer [DS:H00020] Lung cancer [DS:H00013 H00014] Embryonal carcinomas [DS:H00023 H00027] Yolk sac tumors [DS:H00023] Seminomas [DS:H00023] |
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| Sialyl Lewis X | G00242 | Enhanced expression | Increased ST3GAL6 and FUT3, FUT4, FUT5, FUT6, FUT7 expression | Role in the invasion and metastasis | Breast cancer [DS:H00031] Ovarian cancer [DS:H00027] Melanoma cancer [DS:H00038] Colon cancer [DS:H00020] Liver cancer [DS:H00048] Lung cancer [DS:H00013 H00014] Prostate cancer [DS:H00024] |
CA15-3/CA27.29, NCC-ST-439, CSLEX |
| Sialyl Lewis A / CA19-9 | G12794 | Enhanced expression | Increased ST3GAL3, ST3GAL4 and FUT3 expression | Role in the invasion and metastasis | Breast cancer [DS:H00031] Colon cancer [DS:H00020] Pancreatic cancer [DS:H00019] |
CA19-9, CA15-3/CA27.29, CA50, KMO-1, SPan-1 |
| SSEA-1/ Lewis X | G00243 | Enhanced expression | Increased/altered FUT3, FUT4, FUT5, FUT6, FUT9 expression | Potential role in adhesive interactions involved in tumor metastasis | Colon cancer [DS:H00020] Stomach cancer [DS:H00018] Uterine cancer [DS:H00026] Breast cancer [DS:H00031] Ovarian cancer [DS:H00027] Kidney carcinomas [DS:H00021] Transtitional cell carcinomas [DS:H00022] Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) [DS:H00003] |
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| Sialyl Lewis c | G00825 | Expression | Increased ST3GAL6 expression | Pancreas cancer [DS:H00019] Gastrointestinal cancer |
CA50, DUPAN-2 | |
| Sialyl SSEA-1 (SLX) | G13069 | Enhanced expression | Increased ST3GAL6, FUT3 and FUT6 expression | Lung cancer [DS:H00013 H00014] Colon cancer [DS:H00020] Liver cancer [DS:H00048] Pancreas cancer [DS:H00019] |
SLX | |
| Glycosphingolipids | ||||||
| Globo H | G00099 | Overexpression | FUT1, FUT2 expression | Related to metastatic spread | Small cell lung tumor [DS:H00013] Breast tumor [DS:H00031] Prostate tumor [DS:H00024] Lung tumors [DS:H00013 H00014] Colonpancreas Gastric tumor [DS:H00018] Protate tumor [DS:H00024] Ovarian tumor [DS:H00027] Endometrial tumor [DS:H00026] |
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| SSEA-3 | G00097 | Increase | B3GALT5 expression | Related to metastatic spread | Testicular [DS:H00023] Lung [DS:H00013 H00014] Breast [DS:H00031] Teratocarcinoma [DS:H00023 H00027] |
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| SSEA-4 | G00098 | Increase | SIAT4A expression | Correlated with the metastasis and invasion of some malignant tumors | Breast cancer [DS:H00031] | |
| Gb3 (Globotriaose, CD77) | G00093 | overexpression | Increased A4GALT expression | Role in development of metastasis and invasion | Breast cancer [DS:H00031] Ovarian cancer [DS:H00027] Haematological malignancies [DS:H00004 H00005] Astrocytoma tumors [DS:H00042] |
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| Fucosyl GM1 | G00166 | More tumor restricted expression | ST3GAL5, B4GALNT1, B3GALT4 and FUT1, FUT2 expression | Small-cell lung cancer [DS:H00013] | ||
| GD2 | G00114 | Overexpression | ST8SIA1, ST8SIA2 and B4GALNT1 expression | Tumor cell attachment to matrices | Melanoma [DS:H00038] Glioma [DS:H00042] Neuroblastoma cells [DS:H00043] |
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| GD3 | G00113 | Overexpression | ST8SIA1, ST8SIA2 expression | Role in the regulation of cell growth angiogenesis tumorcell attachment to matrices | Melanoma [DS:H00038] Glioma [DS:H00042] Neuroblastoma [DS:H00043] |
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| GM2 | G00109 | Overexpression | ST3GAL5 and B4GALNT1 expression | Role in cellular interactions and adhesion | Melanoma [DS:H00038] Glioma [DS:H00042] Neuroblastoma cells [DS:H00043] |
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| GM3 | G00108 | Increase | ST3GAL5 expression | Role in the metastasis and invasion | Melanoma [DS:H00038] Many other human and animal cancers |
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| 9-O-Ac-GD2 | G00183 | Abundantly expressed | Neuroblastoma [DS:H00043] Small cell lung cancer [DS:H00013] Melanoma [DS:H00038] Renal carcinoma [DS:H00021] |
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| 9-O-Ac-GD3 | G00169 | Abundantly expressed | ACATN expression | Stimulate cellular growth and suppress cellular differentiation | Malignant melanomas [DS:H00038] Basal cell carcinomas [DS:H00039] |
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| NeuGcGM3 | G00258 | Overexpression | CMAHP expression | Decreased CD4 T cell response | Colon cancer [DS:H00020] Breast cancer [DS:H00031] Melanoma [DS:H00038] Small cell lung cancer [DS:H00013] Neuroblastoma [DS:H00043] Germ cell tumors [DS:H00023 H00027] |
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| Forssman antigen | G00095 | Positive | A3GALNT expression | Gastric cancer [DS:H00018] Colon cancer [DS:H00020] Lung cancers [DS:H00013 H00014] |
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| Polysialic acid (PSA) linked to NCAM | G13065 | Overexpression | ST8SIA2, ST8SIA4 expression | Block cell-cell interactions related to cell growth and metastasis | Small cell lung carcer [DS:H00013] Rhabdomyosarcoma [DS:H00037] Wilms' tumor Neuroblastoma glioblastoma multiforme [DS:H00042] |
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