


LS(1L)                                                     LS(1L)


NNAAMMEE
       ls, dir, vdir, ll, lsf - list contents of directories

SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
       llss  [-abcdgiklmnpqrstuxABCFLNQRSUX1]  [-w  cols] [-T cols]
       [-I pattern] [--all]  [--escape]  [--directory]  [--inode]
       [--kilobytes]  [--numeric-uid-gid]  [--hide-control-chars]
       [--reverse]   [--size]   [--width=cols]   [--tabsize=cols]
       [--almost-all]  [--ignore-backups]  [--classify]  [--file-
       type]   [--ignore=pattern]   [--dereference]   [--literal]
       [--quote-name]                               [--recursive]
       [--sort={none,time,size,extension}]                [--for-
       mat={long,verbose,commas,across,vertical,single-column}]
       [--time={atime,access,use,ctime,status}] [path...]

DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
       This manual page documents the GNU version  of  llss.   ddiirr,
       llll,  llssff,  and  vvddiirr  are  versions  of  llss with different
       default output formats.  These programs  list  each  given
       file  or  directory  path.   Directory contents are sorted
       alphabetically.  For llss, files are by  default  listed  in
       columns,  sorted  vertically,  if the standard output is a
       terminal; otherwise they are listed  one  per  line.   For
       ddiirr, files are by default listed in columns, sorted verti-
       cally.  For vvddiirr and llll, files are by  default  listed  in
       long format.

   OOPPTTIIOONNSS
       _-_a_, _-_-_a_l_l
              List  all files in directories, including all files
              that start with `.'.

       _-_b_, _-_-_e_s_c_a_p_e
              Quote nongraphic characters  in  file  names  using
              alphabetic and octal backslash sequences like those
              used in C.

       _-_c_, _-_-_t_i_m_e_=_c_t_i_m_e_, _-_-_t_i_m_e_=_s_t_a_t_u_s
              Sort directory contents  according  to  the  files'
              status  change  time  instead  of  the modification
              time.  If the long listing format  is  being  used,
              print the status change time instead of the modifi-
              cation time.

       _-_d_, _-_-_d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y
              List directories  like  other  files,  rather  than
              listing their contents.

       _-_g     Ignored; for Unix compatibility.

       _-_i_, _-_-_i_n_o_d_e
              Print  the index number of each file to the left of
              the file name.




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LS(1L)                                                     LS(1L)


       _-_k_, _-_-_k_i_l_o_b_y_t_e_s
              If file sizes are being listed, print them in kilo-
              bytes.   This  overrides  the  environment variable
              POSIXLY_CORRECT.

       _-_l_, _-_-_f_o_r_m_a_t_=_l_o_n_g_, _-_-_f_o_r_m_a_t_=_v_e_r_b_o_s_e
              In addition to the name of  each  file,  print  the
              file type, permissions, number of hard links, owner
              name, group name, size in bytes, and timestamp (the
              modification time unless other times are selected).
              For files with a time that is more  than  6  months
              old or more than 1 hour into the future, the times-
              tamp contains the year instead of the time of  day.

       _-_m_, _-_-_f_o_r_m_a_t_=_c_o_m_m_a_s
              List  files  horizontally, with as many as will fit
              on each line, separated by commas.

       _-_n_, _-_-_n_u_m_e_r_i_c_-_u_i_d_-_g_i_d
              List the numeric UID and GID instead of the  names.

       _-_p     Append a character to each file name indicating the
              file type.

       _-_q_, _-_-_h_i_d_e_-_c_o_n_t_r_o_l_-_c_h_a_r_s
              Print question marks instead of nongraphic  charac-
              ters in file names.

       _-_r_, _-_-_r_e_v_e_r_s_e
              Sort directory contents in reverse order.

       _-_s_, _-_-_s_i_z_e
              Print  the  size  of  each file in 1K blocks to the
              left of the file name.  If the environment variable
              POSIXLY_CORRECT  is  set,  512-byte blocks are used
              instead.

       _-_t_, _-_-_s_o_r_t_=_t_i_m_e
              Sort directory contents  by  timestamp  instead  of
              alphabetically, with the newest files listed first.

       _-_u_, _-_-_t_i_m_e_=_a_t_i_m_e_, _-_-_t_i_m_e_=_a_c_c_e_s_s_, _-_-_t_i_m_e_=_u_s_e
              Sort directory contents  according  to  the  files'
              last  access time instead of the modification time.
              If the long listing format is being used, print the
              last  access time instead of the modification time.

       _-_x_, _-_-_f_o_r_m_a_t_=_a_c_r_o_s_s_, _-_-_f_o_r_m_a_t_=_h_o_r_i_z_o_n_t_a_l
              List the files in columns, sorted horizontally.

       _-_A_, _-_-_a_l_m_o_s_t_-_a_l_l
              List all files in directories except  for  `.'  and
              `..'.




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LS(1L)                                                     LS(1L)


       _-_B_, _-_-_i_g_n_o_r_e_-_b_a_c_k_u_p_s
              Do  not  list  files that end with `~', unless they
              are given on the command line.

       _-_C_, _-_-_f_o_r_m_a_t_=_v_e_r_t_i_c_a_l
              List files in columns, sorted vertically.

       _-_F_, _-_-_c_l_a_s_s_i_f_y
              Append a character to each file name indicating the
              file  type.  For regular files that are executable,
              append a `*'.  The file type indicators are `/' for
              directories, `@' for symbolic links, `|' for FIFOs,
              `=' for sockets, and nothing for regular files.

       _-_L_, _-_-_d_e_r_e_f_e_r_e_n_c_e
              List the files linked to by symbolic links  instead
              of listing the contents of the links.

       _-_N_, _-_-_l_i_t_e_r_a_l
              Do not quote file names.

       _-_Q_, _-_-_q_u_o_t_e_-_n_a_m_e
              Enclose  file names in double quotes and quote non-
              graphic characters as in C.

       _-_R_, _-_-_r_e_c_u_r_s_i_v_e
              List the contents of all directories recursively.

       _-_S_, _-_-_s_o_r_t_=_s_i_z_e
              Sort directory contents by  file  size  instead  of
              alaphabetically,  with  the  largest  files  listed
              first.

       _-_U_, _-_-_s_o_r_t_=_n_o_n_e
              Do not sort directory contennts.

       _-_X_, _-_-_s_o_r_t_=_e_x_t_e_n_s_i_o_n
              Sort  directory  contents  alphabetically  by  file
              extension  (characters  after  the last `.'); files
              with no extension are sorted first.

       _-_1_, _-_-_f_o_r_m_a_t_=_s_i_n_g_l_e_-_c_o_l_u_m_n
              List one file per line.

       _-_w_, _-_-_w_i_d_t_h _c_o_l_s
              Assume  the  screen  is  _c_o_l_s  columns  wide.   The
              default is taken from the terminal driver if possi-
              ble; otherwise the environment variable CCOOLLUUMMNNSS  is
              used if it is set; otherwise the default is 80.

       _-_T_, _-_-_t_a_b_s_i_z_e _c_o_l_s
              Assume that each tabstop is _c_o_l_s columns wide.  The
              default is 8.




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LS(1L)                                                     LS(1L)


       _-_I_, _-_-_i_g_n_o_r_e _p_a_t_t_e_r_n
              Do not list files whose names match the shell  pat-
              tern  _p_a_t_t_e_r_n  unless they are given on the command
              line.  As in the shell, an initial `.' in  a  file-
              name does not match a wildcard at the start of _p_a_t_-
              _t_e_r_n_.

BBUUGGSS
       On BSD systems, the _-_s option reports sizes that are  half
       the correct values for files that are NFS-mounted from HP-
       UX systems.  On HP-UX systems, it reports sizes  that  are
       twice  the  correct  values for files that are NFS-mounted
       from BSD systems.  This is due to a flaw in HP-UX; it also
       affects the HP-UX llss program.

       The  long-named options can be introduced with `+' as well
       as `--', for compatibility with previous releases.   Even-
       tually  support  for  `+'  will  be removed, because it is
       incompatible with the POSIX.2 standard.






































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