NETMOD J. Quilbeuf Internet-Draft B. Claise Intended status: Standards Track T. Joubert Expires: 5 September 2024 Huawei 4 March 2024 YANG Full Embed draft-jouqui-netmod-yang-full-include-01 Abstract YANG lacks re-usability of models defined outside of the grouping and augmentation mechanisms. For instance, it is almost impossible to reuse a model defined for a device in the context of the network, i.e by encapsulating it in a list indexed by device IDs. [RFC8528] defines the YANG mount mechanism, partially solving the problem by allowing to mount an arbitrary set of schemas at an arbitrary point. However, YANG mount is only focusing on deploy or runtime. This document aims to provide the same mechanism at design time. Status of This Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." This Internet-Draft will expire on 5 September 2024. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2024 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/ license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components Quilbeuf, et al. Expires 5 September 2024 [Page 1] Internet-Draft YANG Full Embed March 2024 extracted from this document must include Revised BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License. Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3. Full Embed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3.1. Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.2. Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.3. Allowed sub-statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4. ietf-full-embed YANG module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 6. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 7. Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 8. Open issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 8.1. Parent-nodes mechanism from schema mount . . . . . . . . 8 9. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 9.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 9.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Appendix A. Changes between revisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Appendix B. Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 B.1. Example using YANG Full Embed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 B.2. Using YANG Schema Mount . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 B.3. Support Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 1. Introduction [RFC8528] introduces the challenges of reusing existing YANG modules, especially when including the full subtree of YANG module under a specific node of another module. In that RFC, three different phases of data model life cycle are identified: "design time", "implementation time" and "run time". Only the last two are covered. We focus here on the first phase of the life cycle, that is inserting modules at design time. We identified some use cases that require this design time definition of which modules need to be included in the top-level module. The have in common the need to re-use YANG modules defined for the devices in the context of a network-level module. Also, they both aim to define a model that is independent of the underlying devices. * The use case that triggered the creation of this document is [I-D.ietf-opsawg-collected-data-manifest]. In this draft, the goal is to provide a YANG model giving the context in which YANG- Quilbeuf, et al. Expires 5 September 2024 [Page 2] Internet-Draft YANG Full Embed March 2024 push [RFC8641] data are collected so that they can be exploited a posteriori. To get the full context, we need the hardware and os version of each device, but also the list of YANG modules supported by the devices and the parameters for the YANG-push subscriptions. For the last two items YANG Library [RFC8525] and YANG Push [RFC8641] provide good and standard modules for representing this information at the device level. However, the data manifests need to be considered at the network level, so that we can distinguish between the devices from which they come. In YANG, that means including them in a list indexed by the device id, which proves out to be difficult without copy-pasting the original modules. * A similar use case is the digital map [I-D.havel-opsawg-digital-map], where the goal is to build a model of the network. In particular, to model the devices a lot of standard modules have already been defined by the IETF and there is a need to reuse these modules to build this larger network model. The IVY workgroup (https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/ivy/ about/) might also rely on the pattern of re-using device level modules into a network model. YANG Schema Mount [RFC8528] and Peer Mount [I-D.clemm-netmod-peermount] focus on mounting a given part of a an existing data instance into another data instance. Although the final goal is the same: being able to reuse modules defined elsewhere in order to avoid redefining them, the approach is more focused on the runtime than the design time. In the first case, the mapping between the mount points and the existing modules to be mounted at that mount point is left to the NETCONF [RFC6241] server. Thus, to guarantee that the contents under a given mount point conforms to a predefined schema requires the proper configuration of the server. In the case of Peer mount, the focus is on synchronizing a given subtree of a server (remote or local) with a subtree of the local server. Again, the contents under the local subtree cannot be enforced from the design time. The notion of reusing an existing schema within a new schema is not new. Several schema definition languages propose this feature, such as RELAX NG (https://books.xmlschemata.org/relaxng/relax-CHP-10-SECT- 1.html), Protobuf (https://protobuf.dev/programming-guides/ proto3/#other/) or json-schema (https://json-schema.org/ understanding-json-schema/structuring#dollarref). In this document, we propose a new extension, named full embed. This extension enables reusing imported modules by rooting them at an arbitrary point of the data model. The concept of mount point from [RFC8528] is replaced by an anydata statement containing list of Quilbeuf, et al. Expires 5 September 2024 [Page 3] Internet-Draft YANG Full Embed March 2024 "full:embed" statement, each statement corresponding to the inclusion of one imported module at that location. In that sense, the design time solution is a pure YANG solution that does not rely on external configuration to specify the list of mounted modules, hence the term full embed rather than mount. Also, we use 'embed' not to conflict with the native 'include' statement in YANG [RFC7950]. The obtained data model that we want to associate to our construct is similar to the one obtained by specifying a mount point and binding it to the same set of modules. Therefore, we can reuse the concepts of the YANG schema mount to define the semantics of our new extension. 2. Terminology The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here. The following terms are defined in [RFC7950]: * data model * data node The following terms are defined in [RFC8528]: * mount point 3. Full Embed The full embed mechanism defined in this document completes [RFC8528], by providing a mechanism to "mount" modules at design time. Supporting mounting modules at this step of the data model life cycle is left out of scope in [RFC8528]. The approach for supporting the full embed mechanism is to keep the semantics of [RFC8528] for the resulting data model. In [RFC8528], the list of modules to mount in each mount point is left to the NETCONF server. In this document, we propose the full embed mechanism to define this mapping directly in the YANG module that embeds the mounted modules. To ensure interoperability with clients that do not support the full embed extension, the full embed statement can only appear within an anydata node. Clients that do not support the extension will see the Quilbeuf, et al. Expires 5 September 2024 [Page 4] Internet-Draft YANG Full Embed March 2024 contents of the embedded model as arbitrary data. Clients that support the extension will be able to interpret the contents of the anydata node according to the semantics of the embedded YANG modules. In the sequel, we use "full" as the prefix for the module 'ietf-yang- full-embed' (see Section 4). Thus "full:embed" refers to the extension 'embed' defined in that module. 3.1. Definition The "full:embed" statement can appear as a sub-statement of anydata. The "full:embed" statement takes as an argument a prefix, that must be the prefix associated to an imported module. Modules can contain multiple uses of the "full:embed" statement. An "anydata" statement MAY contain multiple uses of the "full:embed" statement. These multiple uses define the full list of modules to be embedded, rooted in the anydata node where the "full:embed" statement is used. The "full:embed" statement can be interpreted using YANG Schema Mount [RFC8528], by following these steps: 1. For each anydata node containing a set of "full:embed" statement, replace them by a container containing single "mount-point" with a unique label. 2. Declare each of these "mount-points" as "shared-schema" in the data model defined in [RFC8528]. 3. In the instance corresponding to each "mount-point", define the ietf-yang-library [RFC8525] to include a module-set (at '/yang- library/module-set/) with the following. The list 'module' contains an entry for every module referred to in the set of "full:embed" statements corresponding to the "mount-point". Additionally, the list 'module' contains an entry for "ietf-yang- library" as it is needed by YANG Schema mount. As usual, the list 'imported-modules' contains the list of dependencies needed by the modules in the 'module' list. An example of module using "full:embed" and its translation into a similar YANG Schema mount version is presented in Appendix B. 3.2. Limitations A module MUST NOT use the "full:embed" statement with its own prefix as argument. This rule prevents any infinite recursion in the mounted schemas. Quilbeuf, et al. Expires 5 September 2024 [Page 5] Internet-Draft YANG Full Embed March 2024 As for YANG Schema Mount, the set of embedded modules is an independent YANG context, where every reference (for instance leaf- ref, augment, when) is contained in that context. It is not possible for an embedded module to refer to the embedding module, which would be rejected by the compiler anyway because it would create a dependency loop. If a server supports a module both at top-level and embedded in another module, the corresponding data instances are disjoint. Activation of the features for the embedded module follows the same rules as for normal module. Therefore it’s not possible to activate some features for some embedded modules only. The feature is either supported by the server and then activated for every module (embedded or not) or not supported and then deactivated for all modules (embedded or not). 3.3. Allowed sub-statements The following sub-statements are allowed in the "full:embed" statement: * when * if-feature Both statements have the same meaning as in [RFC7950]. The when statement MUST NOT refer to nodes which are in the embedded module designated by the "full:embed" statement. 4. ietf-full-embed YANG module We present in this section the YANG module defining the "full-embed" extension. The module in itself defines solely the 'embed' extension. A module importing this extension SHOULD use the prefix 'full', so that the statement reads "full:embed" when used in the code. file "ietf-full-embed@2023-11-03.yang" module ietf-yang-full-embed { yang-version 1.1; namespace "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-full-embed"; prefix full; organization "IETF NETMOD (NETCONF Data Modeling Language) Working Group"; contact "WG Web: WG List: Quilbeuf, et al. Expires 5 September 2024 [Page 6] Internet-Draft YANG Full Embed March 2024 Editor: "; description "This module defines a YANG extension statement that can be used to incorporate data models defined in other YANG modules in a module. The key words 'MUST', 'MUST NOT', 'REQUIRED', 'SHALL', 'SHALL NOT', 'SHOULD', 'SHOULD NOT', 'RECOMMENDED', 'NOT RECOMMENDED', 'MAY', and 'OPTIONAL' in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 (RFC 2119) (RFC 8174) when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here. Copyright (c) 2023 IETF Trust and the persons identified as authors of the code. All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, is permitted pursuant to, and subject to the license terms contained in, the Revised BSD License set forth in Section 4.c of the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info). This version of this YANG module is part of RFC XXXX; see the RFC itself for full legal notices."; revision 2023-11-05 { description "Initial revision."; reference "RFC XXXX: YANG Full Embed"; } extension embed { argument prefix; description "The argument 'prefix' MUST be the prefix of a module imported by the calling module. The 'embed' statement MUST NOT be used in a YANG version 1 module, neither explicitly nor via a 'uses' statement. The 'embed' statement MAY be present as a substatement of 'anydata' and MUST NOT be present elsewhere. Whenever a sequence of 'embed' statements is used, the schema tree defined by the set of the included modules is inserted in the schema tree of the calling module, at the place where the sequence is declared"; Quilbeuf, et al. Expires 5 September 2024 [Page 7] Internet-Draft YANG Full Embed March 2024 } } 5. Security Considerations TODO 6. IANA Considerations TODO 7. Contributors 8. Open issues * What name should we give to this draft? Any suggestions instead of full embed? * Do we want to support the parent-nodes mechanism from [RFC8528]? (see below) * Do we allow full embed into an augment? We could even relax no self-reference to have a module embed itself into another by augmenting it? * Does this mechanism already exist? * Do we want to add a partial embed with an xpath instead of just the prefix? The goal would be to include only part of a module. This complexifies a bit the validation as leaf-ref, must, when and other statement involving Xpath will need to be reinterpreted in that new context. 8.1. Parent-nodes mechanism from schema mount YANG Schema Mount includes a mechanism to make some nodes from the embedding model available to the embedded model for validation purposes. We could achieve the same by adding a second extension, which can also only appear under a "full:embed" nodes. That extension, for instance named "full:embed-parent-refs" would take a Xpath expression as the in the "parent-reference" leaflist defined in the YANG Schema Mount and would have the same semantics. If several XPath are needed for clarity, the statement can be repeated with several values. Quilbeuf, et al. Expires 5 September 2024 [Page 8] Internet-Draft YANG Full Embed March 2024 As an example, Figure 1 restates the parent-references example from [RFC8528] using this new extension. We might want to put some restrictions on the nodes that can be referred to in the Xpath argument. ... import "ietf-routing" { prefix "rt"; } import "ietf-interfaces" { prefix "if"; } ... container network-instances { list network-instance { leaf name {...} anydata root { full:embed "rt" { full:embed-parent-refs "if:interfaces/if:interface[\ ni:bind-network-instance-name = current()/../ni:name]"; } // other full:embed if needed } } } Figure 1: Pseudo-YANG example of parent-references from [RFC8528] with "full:embed" 9. References 9.1. Normative References [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, . [RFC7950] Bjorklund, M., Ed., "The YANG 1.1 Data Modeling Language", RFC 7950, DOI 10.17487/RFC7950, August 2016, . [RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174, May 2017, . Quilbeuf, et al. Expires 5 September 2024 [Page 9] Internet-Draft YANG Full Embed March 2024 [RFC8528] Bjorklund, M. and L. Lhotka, "YANG Schema Mount", RFC 8528, DOI 10.17487/RFC8528, March 2019, . 9.2. Informative References [I-D.clemm-netmod-peermount] Clemm, A., Voit, E., Guo, A., and I. D. Martinez- Casanueva, "Mounting YANG-Defined Information from Remote Datastores", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft- clemm-netmod-peermount-02, 23 October 2023, . [I-D.havel-opsawg-digital-map] Havel, O., Claise, B., de Dios, O. G., Elhassany, A., Graf, T., and M. Boucadair, "Modeling the Digital Map based on RFC 8345: Sharing Experience and Perspectives", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-havel-opsawg- digital-map-01, 23 October 2023, . [I-D.ietf-opsawg-collected-data-manifest] Claise, B., Quilbeuf, J., Lopez, D. R., Dominguez, I., and T. Graf, "A Data Manifest for Contextualized Telemetry Data", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf- opsawg-collected-data-manifest-03, 4 March 2024, . [RFC6241] Enns, R., Ed., Bjorklund, M., Ed., Schoenwaelder, J., Ed., and A. Bierman, Ed., "Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF)", RFC 6241, DOI 10.17487/RFC6241, June 2011, . [RFC8340] Bjorklund, M. and L. Berger, Ed., "YANG Tree Diagrams", BCP 215, RFC 8340, DOI 10.17487/RFC8340, March 2018, . [RFC8525] Bierman, A., Bjorklund, M., Schoenwaelder, J., Watsen, K., and R. Wilton, "YANG Library", RFC 8525, DOI 10.17487/RFC8525, March 2019, . [RFC8641] Clemm, A. and E. Voit, "Subscription to YANG Notifications for Datastore Updates", RFC 8641, DOI 10.17487/RFC8641, September 2019, . Quilbeuf, et al. Expires 5 September 2024 [Page 10] Internet-Draft YANG Full Embed March 2024 Appendix A. Changes between revisions 00 -> 01 * Renamed full include -> full embed * Require extension to appear in anydata for clients not supporting extension * Allow "if-feature" and "must" as sub-statement of full:embed, explain that feature work at server level Appendix B. Examples In this section we present some minimalistic examples in order to illustrate the "full:embed" statement. For these examples, we are in a situation where we have a device-level module already defined and we want to have a network-level module that represent a list of device, each having an independent instance of the device-level module. This situation might arise if we want to simplify the network management by presenting a unified model for the network. In that case, the heterogeneity of the devices should be handled by mapping their model to the device-level module (which is clearly out of scope for this draft). In our simplistic example, the device-level module simply exposes the hostname and the cpu-usage of the device. Note that we cannot modify this device-level module, because in a more realistic example we would be reusing standard modules. The tree representation ([RFC8340]) of the 'device-level' module is depicted in Figure 2. module: device-level +--rw hostname string +--ro cpu-usage? int8 Figure 2: YANG Tree representation of the device-level module. For the network-level module, we have a list of devices indexed by their 'device-id'. The tree representation ([RFC8340]) of such a module is depicted in Figure 3. module: network-level-stub +--rw devices +--rw device* [device-id] +--rw device-id string Figure 3: YANG Tree representation of a stub for the network- level module Quilbeuf, et al. Expires 5 September 2024 [Page 11] Internet-Draft YANG Full Embed March 2024 The goal is now to complete this stub so that the full contents of the 'device-level' is added under the "device" list. B.1. Example using YANG Full Embed We propose in this section a YANG module for 'network-level'. The YANG code is presented in Figure 4. module network-level { yang-version 1.1; namespace "urn:network-level"; prefix "net-l"; import "ietf-yang-full-include" { prefix "full"; } import "device-level" { prefix "dev-l"; } container devices { list device { key device-id; leaf device-id { type string; } anydata device-content { full:include "dev-l"; } } } } Figure 4: Version of the network-level module using full:embed At the moment, this code is accepted by the YANG compilers, but since the extension is not implemented, it simply ignores it. Note that all the information (which modules to embed, where to embed them) is defined in this module. More specifically, the line 'full:embed "dev-l";' states that the full schema of the 'device-level' module, identified by its prefix "dev-l" must be embedded at that location. By adding more occurrences of "full:embed" there, one can define a more complex schema to be embedded at that location. Quilbeuf, et al. Expires 5 September 2024 [Page 12] Internet-Draft YANG Full Embed March 2024 B.2. Using YANG Schema Mount In this section, we show how a similar result could be attained using YANG Schema Mount. The network-level module is presented in Figure 5. module network-level { yang-version 1.1; namespace "urn:network-level"; prefix "net-l"; import ietf-yang-schema-mount { prefix yangmnt; } container devices { list device { key device-id; leaf device-id { type string; } container device-contents{ yangmnt:mount-point "device-schema"; } } } } Figure 5: Version of the network-level module using Schema Mount As explained in Section 3.1, the yang-library corresponding to the modules to embed, as well as the data required by 'ietf-yang-mount' needs to be specified in some other files. Using the 'yanglint' tool from libyang (https://github.com/CESNET/libyang), this module can be compiled to provide a tree representation as shown in Figure 6. module: network-level +--rw devices +--rw device* [device-id] +--rw device-id string +--mp device-contents +--rw hostname/ string +--ro cpu-usage/? int8 Figure 6: Full tree of both network- and device-level using Schema Mount Quilbeuf, et al. Expires 5 September 2024 [Page 13] Internet-Draft YANG Full Embed March 2024 The command for obtaining that schema is 'yanglint -f tree -p . -x extension-data.xml -Y network-level-yanglib.xml yang/network- level.yang', assuming all the YANG modules and the two xml files are in the current folder. The file 'network-level-yanglib.xml' contains the YANG Library data for the network-level module. The file 'extension-data.xml' contains the YANG Library data defining the schema to use at the mount point, as well as the data required by YANG Schema Mount. Both are reproduced in Appendix B.3. B.3. Support Files The code of the 'device-level' module is given in Figure 7. Then the data files 'network-level-yanglib.xml' and 'extension_data.xml' are provided. These files are needed to compile the Schema Mount version of our example with yanglint. module device-level { yang-version 1.1; namespace "urn:device-level"; prefix mnt; leaf hostname { type string; mandatory true; } leaf cpu-usage { type int8; config false; } } Figure 7: device-level YANG module file "network-level-yanglib.xml" main-set ietf-datastores 2018-02-14 urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-datastores ietf-yang-library 2019-01-04 Quilbeuf, et al. Expires 5 September 2024 [Page 14] Internet-Draft YANG Full Embed March 2024 urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-library ietf-yang-schema-mount 2019-01-14 urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-schema-mount network-level urn:network-level ietf-yang-types 2013-07-15 urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-types ietf-inet-types 2013-07-15 urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-inet-types main-schema main-set ds:running main-schema ds:operational main-schema 1 2 Quilbeuf, et al. Expires 5 September 2024 [Page 15] Internet-Draft YANG Full Embed March 2024 file "extension_data.xml" mountee-set device-level urn:device-level ietf-datastores 2018-02-14 urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-datastores ietf-yang-library 2019-01-04 urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-library ietf-yang-types 2013-07-15 urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-types ietf-inet-types 2013-07-15 urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-inet-types test-schema mountee-set ds:running test-schema Quilbeuf, et al. Expires 5 September 2024 [Page 16] Internet-Draft YANG Full Embed March 2024 ds:operational test-schema 2 2 network-level Acknowledgements Thanks to Ladislav Lhotka and Ignacio Dominguez Martinez-Casanueva for their reviews and comments. Authors' Addresses Jean Quilbeuf Huawei Email: jean.quilbeuf@huawei.com Benoit Claise Huawei Email: benoit.claise@huawei.com Thomas Joubert Huawei Email: thomas.joubert1@huawei-partners.com Quilbeuf, et al. Expires 5 September 2024 [Page 17]